The Afghan Taliban celebrated the fourth anniversary of their takeover on Friday, boosted by Russia’s unprecedented official recognition of their government. This landmark acknowledgment fuels hopes for further international acceptance.

Celebrations included planned parades in major cities, including Kabul, where helicopters were to shower flower petals and Taliban flags marked the occasion. The previous year’s large-scale military parade at Bagram airbase was notably absent this year.

Despite this symbolic victory, the Taliban government remains largely isolated internationally due to its strict interpretation of Islamic law, particularly concerning women’s rights. The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for two senior Taliban leaders in July for crimes against humanity related to the persecution of women. Women face significant restrictions on education, employment, and freedom of movement.

However, Russia’s recognition, along with close, albeit unofficial, ties with China, Central Asian states, and the UAE, provides a counterpoint to the widespread international condemnation. The Taliban also reported recent talks with officials from Norway, Britain, and the United States.

The Taliban government faces considerable internal challenges, including economic instability, reduced international aid, and the influx of millions of Afghan refugees expelled from neighbouring countries. A UN Human Rights Council report urged the international community to avoid normalizing relations with the Taliban and to reject their authoritarian rule.